Heritage and cultural tourism Essay

Tourism is third largest fabrication in the cosmos and according to the cut across of World travel and Tourism Council tourism effort generates approx 12% of realism GNP (Agyei and Samuel, 2006). hereditary pattern and culture has everlastingly been one of the most signifi flush toilett aspects of man tourism. People brave out their lives against rich environment throw offed by historic buildings, countrysides of ancient times (Chang, 2000).This present research report has objectives to discuss the appendage and importance of inheritance and ethnic industry. To describe in better form some of the worlds most popular inheritance place is considered in this report. Further this report will also focus on discordant aspects pertaining to hereditary pattern and culture industry (Barr and Herv, 2002). parturiency 1 Understand the growth and entropy of the heritage and heathenish industry within travel and tourism. a. Breakdown of hereditary pattern and Cultural tour ism locationsHeritage and Cultural tourism locations atomic number 18 gener whollyy considered as a outgrowth of tourism industry which is oriented towards the cultural heritages at the particular location where tourism is happening. It includes the process of traveling to experience all the historic places or relieve oneself knowledge about the history (Chang, 2000). in that location atomic number 18 various places in world which consists with historic elements in it like Tateva which is situated in Armenia, Briteddine palace, Lebanon, Wudand Mountains, situated in china etc.But in present scenario there various factors which ar responsible for destroying world heritage (Evans and Graeme, 2003). To give broad focus on the issue here is an example of some world heritages which ar standing on the stage of demolition. Bamiyan Buddhas statutes atomic number 18 the worlds famous monumental statues of Buddhas are established in 6th century which was destroys in the year of 2001 (Evans and Graeme, 2003). These statues are reinforced from stone and smoothen in the ancient times. The reasons are not yet clear for destruction of these two prehistoric statues. fingers breadth Bomiyan Buddhas statue(Source Evans and Graeme, 2003)Bomiyan Buddhas statues are situated in the Afghanistan, 230 km northwest of Kabul, and standing into the side of fall in Bamiyan valley. Lots of examples are observed where ancient assets are standing at the corner of devastation. There is also one example of Pompeii which is ancient roman town city. This ancient town was originated in the seventh century BC was captured by Romans in 80 BC (Bernick and Boo, 2013). This place was also known as House of Gladiators, only before some time unfortunately its breakdown report has been recognize.Pompeii is popular in tourist but suffered from lack of investments for further developments. One wall was destructed by the cause of heavy precipitate falls which reflects the lack of Italian g overning activitys in maintain the ancient sites. This place is situated near Nepal in the Italian region of Campania. It is the popular tourism place and it in the year of 2008 this place has recorded 2.6 billion visitors per year (Harrison, 2006).Figure Pompeii after destruction(Source Bernick and Boo, 2013)b. Growth and development of heritage and cultural sitesTo consistently ensuring the development of heritage sites of the world, there is establishment of the World Heritage Center in 1992 (Harrison, 2006). They are functional as a secretariat of the statutory bodies of the conventions. They assist the state parties in order to implement the development policies of heritages sites. This piazza also helps in executing the old conventions and to develop the home(prenominal) government capabilities to maintain the long circumstance protection of historic sites. Governments of many nations are aware for develop their ancient sites to retain the past.They are working in order to depart enormous opportunities of employments for deliverance and social developments of their nation. There are various backstage and government originations which assist in the developments of heritage and cultural sites (Mehmetoglu and Normann, 2013). Culture and tourism is study source of taxation and various steps are taken by governments and private organizations to develop the heritage and culture.There are several steps has been taken by the governments, organizations, an community to develop heritage and culture (Mehmetoglu and Normann, 2013). Authentic cultural and heritage venues and programs It is inseparable for each community to realize that heritage and culture is competitive venture (Petia and Peter, 2004). It is unavoidable by the governments and private organization to take some steps for gathering peck and develop them sagaciousness regarding importance of heritage and culture conservations. They can organize some events or programs to aware the public for taste of heritage (Petia and Peter, 2004).Coordination of stakeholders This is another process of growth and development where organizations can take the help of workers and service go overrs in heritage place. Service provider can educate the customers regarding usefulness of history and traditions. Coordination of stakeholder will contributes a majuscule support in aware the customers to take care of their heritage and traditions (Uriely, 2009). Development of Necessary infrastructure By developing study infrastructure of the heritage places government can helps in increasing the numbers of visitors. The major infrastructure includes hotels, transportation, amenities, local anaesthetic anesthetic attractions etc (Uriely, 2009).These involvements will attract the visitors to a visit that place and leads to generate sources of in follow for the local peoples. c. potential difference conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural sites The term Heritage is general ly used by the people for those things which are valuable for them and which they want to secure for future, and that thing will be source of pride for them.The common land conflicts which could be occur and concern with defining tangible heritage and intangible heritage (Petia and Peter, 2004). Intangible heritage can be observed as meaning, values, memories, feeling etc and tangible heritage are those which are built in the ancient time. Potential conflicts regarding conservation of heritage and cultural sites should be cut down. In the fibre when conflict cannot be cut down, then significance of the heritage should be put forward. Different concourse from community have different preferences and values for heritage. Giving preference to conservation for particular place by skip another valuable place can become the major reason for developing conflicts in the group of the communities (Uzama, 2009). TASK 2 Purpose and importance of heritage and cultural attractionsa. Purpose an d importance of heritage and cultural sites and attractions Heritages are divides in two part tangible and intangible heritage, it essential to preserve all the heritage and natural sites around the world. One aspect for retention of the heritage places is that major tourism seam is associated with the heritage places. Tourism industry generally prefers to visits their travelers at heritage and natural attractions. It is reflected from recent survey that in between 1996 to 2002 data shows that heritage travel is increased by 13 %, more than double growth of US travel industry (Uzama, 2009). According to the report of US Travel Association, travel and tourism industry directly contributes to approx $800 billion to the economy of United States in the year of 2011 (Uriely, 2009).The main purpose of the heritage is implicated with protecting the environment by encouraging the peoples and government to save the world heritage to sustain local economy. Retention of heritage place also p rovides the quality of life and helpful in giving cultural identity to the communities (Uzama, 2009). The importance of heritage can be judged by observing the total contribution to the gross domestic product by Egypt tourism which has recorded increase in 4% to 9% simultaneously 2009 to 2010 (Harrison, 2006). In the background of cultural attractions, for example cultural attractions in Saudi Arabia have contributes to 12% of GDP.Figure Growth balance of Heritage and Culture tourism (Source Lafontine and Shaw, 2005) From the tralatitious point of view heritage is defined as computer architecture object. In present era heritage includes various monuments, buildings, landscapes, old traditions, urban bailiwicks, maritime places, country sites, etc (Lafontine and Shaw, 2005). Heritage sites and buildings, landscapes also contain various optimistic influences on many aspects to develop a social community. Rebuilding, education, economy development, increase in the level of employm ents are the key areas where positive impacts of the heritage and culture reservation can be observe (Rodgers, 2001).By recognizing the various advantages to these aspects it can be considered that heritage and culture are historic for the economy and social developments (Sisay, 2009). The historic environment is proven as a source of benefits because there are various parts in world where tourist generally attracts to visits only that place which is consists with some past. This thing provides data to travelers regarding habits, patterns and preferences, styles, and a business concept of ancients communities. Social community feels very noble-minded to have some history of them, but dont always express how much they give value to the place until it is in problem. Reuse of the ancient building is a significant factor which relates to sustainable communities (Lafontine and Shaw, 2005). b.How do these sites and attraction meet the needs of different customers and stakeholders In to urism industry cultural and heritage is considered as fastest growing segment and consistently showing trends towards the rising flow of specialization among tourists. development heritage and cultural segment in the tourism industry reflects the fascination of travelers towards adventure, traditions, past, archeology and interest in interface with the traditional peoples (Laurie and et. al., 2004). According to perception of heritage and culture experts, customers are those who comes to visits heritage places and willful to take the information about local people culture and their traditional beliefs, conventions etc.They are the peoples who takes the services from the centering of the heritage places and pay them charges where required (Laurie and et. al., 2004). In continuation stakeholders are those peoples who are associated with the heritage screwment to provide various services to their customers or travelers. In order to properly comprehend, regarding how heritage and cul tural sites meets the needs of the customers and stakeholder, it is essential to understand the perceptions of the travelers (Nagle, 2000). nearly travelers are seeking for various adventures in heritage places like mounting, tracking etc but at the other hand some are expecting to observe different cultural beliefs, values of the local peoples (Min, Min and Ahmed, 2005).Now here care or stakeholders of the heritage will arrange the safe area for adventures like organizing various adventures sports at heritage places to satisfy the needs of their customers. In return heritage organizations provide various allowances and incentives to their stake holder to engage in excursion work with them. In this way heritage and attractions sites will satisfy the needs of their customers and simultaneously heritage organizations satisfy the needs of their stakeholders (Laurie and et. al., 2004). Stakeholders are the management stave of the heritage organization which may be private or public (N agle, 2000).They are continuously backing the excursion work because heritage places are generally situated on the mountains and there are major chances of climate disasters, so they need proper support for their organization to survive there (Min, Min and Ahmed, 2005). Some of the impacts are perceived in the positive and negative manner (Lickorish, and Jenkins, 2007). If the proprietorship of the heritage place is in the hand of the government then they would not take initiative in the development of the management of the heritage. in all the purposes regarding the heritage place would be in the hand of all employees.Anyone can be able to forge in polices of the government. In other words the uniformity in the determinations of the high level of ministers would not be similar by reaching at the lower level (Ottenbacher and Harrington, 2009). But at the other hand in the case of the private ownership of heritage place, organization would always seek to develop their property. In this statement Property word is used because despite of the government only ancestors of the place would be owner of that place (Lickorish, and Jenkins, 2007). secluded owners always wants to develop more revenue from their property so the flow of decision would be precise. All the decisions regarding any tolerant of development or policies can be taken by the top management and all the lower level of managers needs to implement that. No one in the lower management would be able to manipulate in the decision making process (Yakhlef, 2004).TASK 3 Roles and responsibilities and ownership of organizations in the heritage and cultural industry a. Impact of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and cultural sites Generally heritage and cultural industry are owned by their national government or by private owners who contains the ownership of particular place. This is responsibility of local government are divided in two acts one is Heritage act 1977 and second is Environmental formulation and assessment act 1979 (Ottenbacher and Harrington, 2009).The local government needs to establish legislative framework to effectively manage the heritage which also includes the planning system. It is also essential to mention that Wild life service and subject field parks has a responsibility to take care about the conservations of the heritage and natural sites under the jiggery-pokery life act 1974 (Yakhlef, 2004).There are different forms of managing the management of heritage private owners and government owners. Private owners generally seek to develop their heritage site to increase the revenue from it. Their flow of decision would always precise means no one can be edit in the decisions. All the decision making powers are in the hand of top management.But in the case of government owners which are less likely to invest in the development of the heritage and cultural sites. Every level of management can take decision in government organization (Yakhlef, 2004). b. Roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and cultural industry Some of the major roles and responsibilities of private and government owners of the heritage places are To create various effective strategies for the developments of heritage and cultural attractions for the tourism industry.Consistently take initiatives to take care of the cleanliness of the places. Organizations can financially help the traditional and heritage place for their development which leads to the large number of tourists which will strengthen the economy. Manage all the indwelling state forestry to develop the heritage place in more widen manner. Collaborate in the various researches of the industry for innovations in order to improve the production from forest, wood quality etc (Martinez and Slooten, 2011). It is major role of government and organizations to plan future landscapes to increase the heritage and cultural environment to increase the tourism. Organizatio ns can provide infrastructures by providing hotels and restaurants facility in heritage places, this thing will enhance the level of employment.It comes to know that approx 86% of domestic government total expenses they spent on waste management like managing wastewater and all kind of solid waste and balance spend on infrastructure activities (Touropia, 2010). It has observed that Australian Government has a constitutional roles and responsibility in order to managing every kind environmental matter which is very essential. These actions come under Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Planning Act 1999 (the EPBC Act). The EPBC Act has a requirement of favourable reception for functions to perform (VisitBritain, 2012).TASK 4 understand the methods of commentary within the heritage and cultural industry a. Methods of interpretation within the heritage and cultural industry In the tourism industry with context to heritage and cultural sites, interpretations can be considered as a manner of learning which helps in embraces the educational concepts. It includes giving information pertaining to natural, cultural, physical, and history about the heritage and cultural sites (Touropia, 2010). These process includes various theories relates to psychology, philosophy, sociology and educational in order to helps in developing awareness and appropriate attitudes and behavior patterns. Interpretation also considered as an imperative manner of acquainting alliance with its life support system (Hall, Smith and Marciszewska, 2006).It is observe that foremost objective of the agencies and individual interpreters to lead the adult male to develop consciousness about the heritage places. Agencies also concerns to make them able to take intelligent actions in order to sustain the nature, heritage and traditional environments. It is essential requirements of thorough understanding and knowledge about mental terms of tourists to satisfy them and also to encou rage them to save heritage nd cultural sites (Touropia, 2010).It is to be storied that the first principal of interpretation is to provide the knowledge which is pertains to experiences of the travelers. The concept of interpretations in tourism industry is substantial by Enos Mills and suggested that interpretation is considered as educational activity which aims to disclose the meanings and relationships with the help of original objects by their own experience and also by illustrative media despite of basically communicate factual informations (Watson, 2010). There are also various modes of interpretation within heritage and cultural industry which are described below. It is understood that interpretation may be give by off-site and on-site but there are also some typical interpretation methods which discussed below (Watson, 2010). Interpretation Methods