Development and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Development and Diversity - demonstrate ExampleLater Thorndike added to the Pavlovs theory by incorporating the sentiment of learning occurring when there was a pose between the stimuli and the response (Standridge, 2002). For Thorndike, the learners behavior could be adjusted by the presence of beefed-up connections between the stimuli and response. B.F. Skinner added operant conditioning to the milieu and he established the concepts of reward and penalization. Rewards or valuate connoted positive reinforcement. This type of reinforcement produced the necessary connections between the stimuli and response as posited by Thorndike. Likewise, punishment was considered to be negative reinforcement which reachs the learner to reduce the inappropriate behavior. Skinner believed that although reinforcement increases learning, reinforcement that is wear outn on an irregular basis entirelyows the learning to be added to the long-term memory. Skinners operant conditioning was followe d by Watson and eventually Guthrie established his contiguity (simultaneity of stimulus and response events) theory (Lefrancois as cited in Standridge 2002). The behaviorist theorists all concluded that behavior could be changed through classical conditioning. In particular, behaviorist theorists combine reward and punishment in order to change the behavior of individuals. Thus, within a classroom setting, rewards and punishment are ii dimensions of the behaviorist theory that still have great imp flirt on the day to day deed of the classroom. Firstly, teachers can adopt the strategies to change the behavior of a disruptive student to more appropriate behavior. For example, if a student is continuously shouting across the classroom to other students then the teacher may take aim either of two options. One, the teacher may use a simple praise tactic much(prenominal) as smiling with the student when he/she remains quiet in the seat or openly praising the behavior when it occurs. S econdly, the teacher may apply the negative reinforcement of ignoring the behavior providing that it does not cause damage to the said student or anyone else within the classroom. In ignoring the behavior the teacher does not give the student the attention that is craved by the student. In addition, the teacher may provide rewards on a minute basis such as praising the student whenever the teacher catches the student displaying the appropriate behavior. This act of rewarding appropriate behavior and negatively reinforcing inappropriate behavior is one example of learning for the behaviorists. In spite of these advantages to the classroom, the behaviorist theory has drawbacks to its use within the classroom setting. Firstly, Standridge (2002) suggests that behaviorists explore the observable behavior of individuals wherefore the internal workings such as thought patterns, feelings and emotions are not included in the idea of behaviorism. Further, behaviorism considers learning that takes place due to the interaction of reinforcement and punishment but no favor is given to behaviors that occur outside of these two elements. Moreover, Piaget suggests that individuals learn through adaption of new information into their schema. The behaviorist th